Francisco J. 曹 Tsao Santín : rSnapshot

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Oldest known version of this page was edited on 2011-04-18 09:54:25 by AdminTsao []
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Backup incremental con rsnapshot


Para la mejora de las copias de seguridad, por si alguien se carga algo que no debiera y se tarde días en descubrir, se puede optar por rsnapshot (sugerencia de Fran Puga), que es menos invasivo que cambiar el SO entero para implantar ZFS, y no es matar moscas a cañonazos como con bácula.

La estructura es muy sencilla: de la información que se almacena en el servidor de ficheros, se sacan snapshots incrementales (el grueso, con el estado actual, se almacena en la snapshot 0, y el resto hasta la n son variaciones de ésta) que se almacenan en el servidor de bases de datos, donde está instalado rsnapshot. Un archivo de configuración de ejemplo es adjuntado, recordando que hay que hacer la carallada de la clave pública para que se conecte de forma automática (sin teclear contraseña) cada x tiempo y hacer la copia de seguridad; en ambos tiene que haber ssh y rsync.

Script que hace el backup cada hora:
#!/bin/sh
rsnapshot -c rsnapshot-proyectos1.conf hourly
rsnapshot -c rsnapshot-proyectos2.conf hourly


Cronfile para lanzar el backup horario, el semanal y el mensual:

0 */12 * * * /root/backup.sh
45 6 * * * /usr/bin/rsnapshot -c /root/rsnapshot-proyectos1.conf daily
0 4 * * 1 /usr/bin/rsnapshot -c /root/rsnapshot-proyectos1.conf weekly
25 4 1 * * /usr/bin/rsnapshot -c /root/rsnapshot-proyectos1.conf monthly


El archivo de configuración rsnapshot-proyectos1.conf de rsnapshot (puede haber varios en el sistema, para diferentes ejecuciones):
#################################################
# rsnapshot.conf - rsnapshot configuration file #
#################################################
#                                               #
# PLEASE BE AWARE OF THE FOLLOWING RULES:       #
#                                               #
# This file requires tabs between elements      #
#                                               #
# Directories require a trailing slash:         #
#   right: /home/                               #
#   wrong: /home                                #
#                                               #
#################################################

#######################
# CONFIG FILE VERSION #
#######################

config_version	1.2

###########################
# SNAPSHOT ROOT DIRECTORY #
###########################

# All snapshots will be stored under this root directory.
#
snapshot_root	/home/backup-servidor/

# If no_create_root is enabled, rsnapshot will not automatically create the
# snapshot_root directory. This is particularly useful if you are backing
# up to removable media, such as a FireWire or USB drive.
#
#no_create_root	1

#################################
# EXTERNAL PROGRAM DEPENDENCIES #
#################################

# LINUX USERS:   Be sure to uncomment "cmd_cp". This gives you extra features.
# EVERYONE ELSE: Leave "cmd_cp" commented out for compatibility.
#
# See the README file or the man page for more details.
#
cmd_cp		/bin/cp

# uncomment this to use the rm program instead of the built-in perl routine.
#
cmd_rm		/bin/rm

# rsync must be enabled for anything to work. This is the only command that
# must be enabled.
#
cmd_rsync	/usr/bin/rsync

# Uncomment this to enable remote ssh backups over rsync.
#
cmd_ssh	/usr/bin/ssh

# Comment this out to disable syslog support.
#
cmd_logger	/usr/bin/logger

# Uncomment this to specify the path to "du" for disk usage checks.
# If you have an older version of "du", you may also want to check the
# "du_args" parameter below.
#
cmd_du		/usr/bin/du

# Uncomment this to specify the path to rsnapshot-diff.
#
cmd_rsnapshot_diff	/usr/bin/rsnapshot-diff

# Specify the path to a script (and any optional arguments) to run right
# before rsnapshot syncs files
#
#cmd_preexec	/path/to/preexec/script

# Specify the path to a script (and any optional arguments) to run right
# after rsnapshot syncs files
#
#cmd_postexec	/path/to/postexec/script

#########################################
#           BACKUP INTERVALS            #
# Must be unique and in ascending order #
# i.e. hourly, daily, weekly, etc.      #
#########################################

interval	hourly	2
interval	daily	1
interval	weekly	7
interval	monthly	2
interval	yearly	24

############################################
#              GLOBAL OPTIONS              #
# All are optional, with sensible defaults #
############################################

# Verbose level, 1 through 5.
# 1     Quiet           Print fatal errors only
# 2     Default         Print errors and warnings only
# 3     Verbose         Show equivalent shell commands being executed
# 4     Extra Verbose   Show extra verbose information
# 5     Debug mode      Everything
#
verbose		2

# Same as "verbose" above, but controls the amount of data sent to the
# logfile, if one is being used. The default is 3.
#
loglevel	3

# If you enable this, data will be written to the file you specify. The
# amount of data written is controlled by the "loglevel" parameter.
#
logfile	/var/log/rsnapshot

# If enabled, rsnapshot will write a lockfile to prevent two instances
# from running simultaneously (and messing up the snapshot_root).
# If you enable this, make sure the lockfile directory is not world
# writable. Otherwise anyone can prevent the program from running.
#
lockfile	/var/run/rsnapshot.pid

# Default rsync args. All rsync commands have at least these options set.
#
#rsync_short_args	-a
#rsync_long_args	--delete --numeric-ids --relative --delete-excluded

# ssh has no args passed by default, but you can specify some here.
#
#ssh_args	-p 22

# Default arguments for the "du" program (for disk space reporting).
# The GNU version of "du" is preferred. See the man page for more details.
# If your version of "du" doesn't support the -h flag, try -k flag instead.
#
#du_args	-csh

# If this is enabled, rsync won't span filesystem partitions within a
# backup point. This essentially passes the -x option to rsync.
# The default is 0 (off).
#
#one_fs		0

# The include and exclude parameters, if enabled, simply get passed directly
# to rsync. If you have multiple include/exclude patterns, put each one on a
# separate line. Please look up the --include and --exclude options in the
# rsync man page for more details on how to specify file name patterns. 
# 
#include	???
#include	???
#exclude	???
#exclude	???

# The include_file and exclude_file parameters, if enabled, simply get
# passed directly to rsync. Please look up the --include-from and
# --exclude-from options in the rsync man page for more details.
#
#include_file	/path/to/include/file
#exclude_file	/path/to/exclude/file

# If your version of rsync supports --link-dest, consider enable this.
# This is the best way to support special files (FIFOs, etc) cross-platform.
# The default is 0 (off).
#
link_dest	1

# When sync_first is enabled, it changes the default behaviour of rsnapshot.
# Normally, when rsnapshot is called with its lowest interval
# (i.e.: "rsnapshot hourly"), it will sync files AND rotate the lowest
# intervals. With sync_first enabled, "rsnapshot sync" handles the file sync,
# and all interval calls simply rotate files. See the man page for more
# details. The default is 0 (off).
#
#sync_first	0

# If enabled, rsnapshot will move the oldest directory for each interval
# to [interval_name].delete, then it will remove the lockfile and delete
# that directory just before it exits. The default is 0 (off).
#
#use_lazy_deletes	0

###############################
### BACKUP POINTS / SCRIPTS ###
###############################

# LOCALHOST
#backup	/home/tsao		localhost/
#backup	/etc/		localhost/
#backup	/usr/local/	localhost/
#backup	/var/log/rsnapshot		localhost/
#backup	/etc/passwd	localhost/
#backup	/home/foo/My Documents/		localhost/
#backup	/foo/bar/	localhost/	one_fs=1, rsync_short_args=-urltvpog
#backup_script		/usr/local/bin/backup_pgsql.sh	localhost/postgres/

# EXAMPLE.COM
#backup_script	/bin/date "+ backup of example.com started at %c"	unused1
#backup	root@example.com:/home/	example.com/	+rsync_long_args=--bwlimit=16,exclude=core
#backup	root@example.com:/etc/	example.com/	exclude=mtab,exclude=core
#backup_script	ssh root@example.com "mysqldump -A > /var/db/dump/mysql.sql"
#backup	root@example.com:/var/db/dump/	example.com/
#backup_script	/bin/date "+ backup of example.com ended at %c"	unused2

backup	root@ip.de.servidor.archivos:/home/proyectos/	proyectos/

# CVS.SOURCEFORGE.NET
#backup_script	/usr/local/bin/backup_rsnapshot_cvsroot.sh	rsnapshot.cvs.sourceforge.net/

# RSYNC.SAMBA.ORG
#backup	rsync://rsync.samba.org/rsyncftp/	rsync.samba.org/rsyncftp/
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