Some days ago I watched in TV the BBC documentary “The ghost of your genes” directed by Nigel Paterson. Of course, it was a very interesting program so the public TV passed it around 2:00 AM
.
The beginning point of the documentary was “The Human Genoma Project isn’t the end, just the beginning of understanding the heredity and behaviour of our genes”. The investigation began with Dr. Marcus Pembrey’s observations at the Institute of Child Health in London. He discovered that a same genetic failure caused two different syndromes if the failure was gotten from father or mother. Over the genetic information, there must be some epigenetic information. It made sense: with the former theories, humans were built only with the combination of 30,000 genes. The epigenetic proves there are switches in each gene to activate or deactivate it.
The inmediate results seems to guide to a new theory in which our experience in the life (happyness or depression, shocks, hungry, environmental pollution…) cause some switches on/off in the genes to help to our descendants to be ready to their new life. Prof. Marcus Pembrey and a Swedish investigator Lars Olov Bygren proved the theory studying the population of some villages in Överkalix (northern Sweden) that beared famine in the beginning of the XX Century. They observed the important effects in life expectancy in grandchildren (and another symptoms like the women hips were more strait because hungry and it caused some modifications in their children’s developement to make easier the childbirth).
Another interesting observation that appeared in the documentary was provided by another scientific that analysed rat embrios and realized that the only procedure of putting the embrio on a object holder to the microscope caused changes in the switching of the genes. This fact was proved in humans when Dr. Pembrey took the statistics of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and discovered that in vitro children were 3-4 times more prone to to suffer that illness than natural conceived children.
Some interesting links about epigenetics: